chore(strip): verwijder /epd/clients redirect-laag

Alle verwijzingen (middleware, login, auth-callback, set-password,
Cortex context-bar) wijzen nu rechtstreeks naar /epd/patients; de
backwards-compat redirects zijn daarmee overbodig.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

app/auth/callback/route.ts

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ export async function GET(request: NextRequest) {
       return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('/set-password', request.url))
     }
 
-    // Redirect to the specified next URL or default to /epd/clients
+    // Redirect to the specified next URL or default to /epd/patients
     // This includes: password signups, confirmed email users, and returning users
     return NextResponse.redirect(new URL(next, request.url))
   }